Mongol invasion of Circassia

Asia
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Other; invasions	India; Japan; Java; Korea; Sakhalin; Siberia; Tibet; Vietnam;
Europe
	Kievan Rus; Volga Bulgaria; Cumania; Durdzuketi; Circassia; Alania; Poland (First, Second, Third); Hungary (First, Second); Holy Roman Empire; Bulgaria and Serbia; Latin Empire; Lithuania; Byzantine Thrace; Serbia;

Mongol invasion of Circassia
	Part of the Mongol invasions
Date	1237
Location	Circassia
Result	Mongol Victory. Circassian plains fell to the Mongols, coastal and mountainous Circassia remained independent
Territorial; changes	Circassian plains fell to the Mongols, coastal and mountainous Circassia remained independent.
Belligerents
Mongol Empire	Zichia (Circassia); Kingdom of Alania; (1237-1239)
Commanders and leaders
Ögedei Khan	Tuqar †; Tuqbash †; Khour I; (1237-1239)
Strength
200,000	Unknown

The Mongol invasion of Circassia refers to the invasion of Circassia by the Mongolian Empire. During the 13th and 14th centuries, the Mongols launched massive invasions of the territory of Circassia.^[1] William of Rubruck, who travelled to the Caucasus in 1253,^[2] wrote that the Circassians had never "bowed to Mongol rule", despite the fact that a whole fifth of the Mongol armies were at that time devoted to the task of crushing the Circassian resistance.^[3] Circassians made use of both the forests and the mountains, and waged a successful guerrilla war,^[1] maintaining their freedom to some extent.^[4]^[5]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference AnchabInvade1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference JaimoukhaInvade1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Bashqawi, Adel. Circassia: Born to Be Free. ISBN 1543447643.
^ "Черкесия оставалась независимой от Монгольской империи, основанной Чингис-ханом". www.geopolitical.tv. Retrieved 2022-04-01.

[AnchabInvade1-1] Cite error: The named reference AnchabInvade1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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[:5-4] Bashqawi, Adel. Circassia: Born to Be Free. ISBN 1543447643.

[5] "Черкесия оставалась независимой от Монгольской империи, основанной Чингис-ханом". www.geopolitical.tv. Retrieved 2022-04-01.

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